Bella lezioncina infonocchiante e del tutto, volutamente, incompleta per quanto concerne le conseguenze negative.
Anzi, più che incompleta direi totalmente mancante di quest'aspetto.
Ma dal ministero cosa aspettarsi d'altro?
Bella lezioncina infonocchiante e del tutto, volutamente, incompleta per quanto concerne le conseguenze negative.
Anzi, più che incompleta direi totalmente mancante di quest'aspetto.
Ma dal ministero cosa aspettarsi d'altro?
Chi ci spiegherà mai il perché del mancato sviluppo delle CURE contro la malattia?
Direi anzi del colpevole stop a tutti i tentativi di diffusione di notizie di farmaci utili.
ho fatto vedere il fumetto perché spiegava in modo piuttosto chiaro come funzionano gli RNA messaggeri.
non si può aver tutto. senza contare che vaccini all'antica non se ne faranno più. i geni si possono spegnere anche metilandoli.
Ma certamente hai fatto molto bene a farci vedere il filmato!
Il mestrino ha fatto la sua giusta lezioncina per i bambini scemi e decerebrati.
Viviamo tutti un periodo di lezioncine simili per indurci a correre dietro il pifferaio e finire nel fiume.
Questa voleva solo essere più scientifica, ma lo scopo è sempre lo stesso.
Il Silenzio per sua natura è perfetto , ogni discorso, per sua natura , è perfettibile .
bisogna solo star molto attenti al "post hoc propter hoc". con queste avvertenze si può procedere.
non si vuole che la ricerca farmaceutica antivirale decolli sul serio. questo tipo di ricerca è molto più seria di quella dei vaccini.
Antiviral Research
Volume 178, June 2020, 104787
Antiviral Research
The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
Author links open overlay panelLeonCalyaJulian D.DruceaMike G.CattonaDavid A.JansbKylie M.Wagstaffb
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons licenseopen access
Highlights
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Ivermectin is an inhibitor of the COVID-19 causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro.
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A single treatment able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in virus at 48 h in cell culture.
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Ivermectin is FDA-approved for parasitic infections, and therefore has a potential for repurposing.
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Ivermectin is widely available, due to its inclusion on the WHO model list of essential medicines.
Abstract
Although several clinical trials are now underway to test possible therapies, the worldwide response to the COVID-19 outbreak has been largely limited to monitoring/containment. We report here that Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic previously shown to have broad-spectrum anti-viral activity in vitro, is an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2 h post infection with SARS-CoV-2 able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48 h. Ivermectin therefore warrants further investigation for possible benefits in humans.
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1. Introduction
Ivermectin is an FDA-approved broad spectrum anti-parasitic agent (Gonzalez Canga et al., 2008) that in recent years we, along with other groups, have shown to have anti-viral activity against a broad range of viruses (Gotz et al., 2016; Lundberg et al., 2013; Tay et al., 2013; Wagstaff et al., 2012) in vitro. Originally identified as an inhibitor of interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) integrase protein (IN) and the importin (IMP) α/β1 heterodimer responsible for IN nuclear import (Wagstaff et al., 2011), Ivermectin has since been confirmed to inhibit IN nuclear import and HIV-1 replication (Wagstaff et al., 2012). Other actions of ivermectin have been reported (Mastrangelo et al., 2012), but ivermectin has been shown to inhibit nuclear import of host (eg. (Kosyna et al., 2015; van der Watt et al., 2016)) and viral proteins, including simian virus SV40 large tumour antigen (T-ag) and dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein 5 (Wagstaff et al., 2012, Wagstaff et al., 2011). Importantly, it has been demonstrated to limit infection by RNA viruses such as DENV 1-4 (Tay et al., 2013), West Nile Virus (Yang et al., 2020), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) (Lundberg et al., 2013) and influenza (Gotz et al., 2016), with this broad spectrum activity believed to be due to the reliance by many different RNA viruses on IMPα/β1 during infection (Caly et al., 2012; Jans et al., 2019). Ivermectin has similarly been shown to be effective against the DNA virus pseudorabies virus (PRV) both in vitro and in vivo, with ivermectin treatment shown to increase survival in PRV-infected mice (Lv et al., 2018). Efficacy was not observed for ivermectin against Zika virus (ZIKV) in mice, but the authors acknowledged that study limitations justified re-evaluation of ivermectin's anti-ZIKV activity (Ketkar et al., 2019). Finally, ivermectin was the focus of a phase III clinical trial in Thailand in 2014–2017, against DENV infection, in which a single daily oral dose was observed to be safe and resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of viral NS1 protein, but no change in viremia or clinical benefit was observed (see below) (Yamasmith et al., 2018).
The causative agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus that is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Studies on SARS-CoV proteins have revealed a potential role for IMPα/β1 during infection in signal-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shutting of the SARS-CoV Nucleocapsid protein (Rowland et al., 2005; Timani et al., 2005; Wulan et al., 2015), that may impact host cell division (Hiscox et al., 2001; Wurm et al., 2001). In addition, the SARS-CoV accessory protein ORF6 has been shown to antagonize the antiviral activity of the STAT1 transcription factor by sequestering IMPα/β1 on the rough ER/Golgi membrane (Frieman et al., 2007). Taken together, these reports suggested that ivermectin's nuclear transport inhibitory activity may be effective against SARS-CoV-2.
To test the antiviral activity of ivermectin towards SARS-CoV-2, we infected Vero/hSLAM cells with SARS-CoV-2 isolate Australia/VIC01/2020 at an MOI of 0.1 for 2 h, followed by the addition of 5 μM ivermectin. Supernatant and cell pellets were harvested at days 0–3 and analysed by RT-PCR for the replication of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (Fig. 1A/B). At 24 h, there was a 93% reduction in viral RNA present in the supernatant (indicative of released virions) of samples treated with ivermectin compared to the vehicle DMSO. Similarly a 99.8% reduction in cell-associated viral RNA (indicative of unreleased and unpackaged virions) was observed with ivermectin treatment. By 48 h this effect increased to an ~5000-fold reduction of viral RNA in ivermectin-treated compared to control samples, indicating that ivermectin treatment resulted in the effective loss of essentially all viral material by 48 h. Consistent with this idea, no further reduction in viral RNA was observed at 72 h. As we have observed previously (Lundberg et al., 2013; Tay et al., 2013; Wagstaff et al., 2012), no toxicity of ivermectin was observed at any of the timepoints tested, in either the sample wells or in parallel tested drug alone samples.
Hai perfettamente ragione. I tanti morti, veri o fasulli, servono al potere per incutere terrore e portare avanti i lockdown del programma del grand reset.
La cura, o le eventuali cure non possono essere portate avanti, se no crolla tutto il progetto ed il motivo del Covid.
Idrossiclorochina e ivermectina sono, pardon sarebbero molto utili, da studiare e approfondire. Ma EMA e AIFA da quell'orecchio non voglio sentirci. Come per lo Sputnik 5.
È di oggi la notizia di un farmaco che da uno studio USA pare sia in grado di bloccare tutto a livello naso e faringe. Vedremo quanto tempo impiegheranno per sbugiardare anche questo.
L'idrossiclorochina si può avere con ricetta, l'ivermectina con ricetta e farmacia galeniche. O dalla Svizzera via internet, più caro.
Molnupiravir è il farmaco della ricerca USA.
In commercio. Proverò a cercarlo in farmacia.